Theory Nominal2.Nominal2_Base

(*  Title:      Nominal2_Base
    Authors:    Christian Urban, Brian Huffman, Cezary Kaliszyk

    Basic definitions and lemma infrastructure for
    Nominal Isabelle.
*)
theory Nominal2_Base
imports "HOL-Library.Infinite_Set"
        "HOL-Library.Multiset"
        "HOL-Library.FSet"
        FinFun.FinFun
keywords
  "atom_decl" "equivariance" :: thy_decl
begin

declare [[typedef_overloaded]]


section ‹Atoms and Sorts›

text ‹A simple implementation for ‹atom_sorts› is strings.›
(* types atom_sort = string *)

text ‹To deal with Church-like binding we use trees of
  strings as sorts.›

datatype atom_sort = Sort "string" "atom_sort list"

datatype atom = Atom atom_sort nat


text ‹Basic projection function.›

primrec
  sort_of :: "atom ⇒ atom_sort"
where
  "sort_of (Atom s n) = s"

primrec
  nat_of :: "atom ⇒ nat"
where
  "nat_of (Atom s n) = n"


text ‹There are infinitely many atoms of each sort.›
lemma INFM_sort_of_eq:
  shows "INFM a. sort_of a = s"
proof -
  have "INFM i. sort_of (Atom s i) = s" by simp
  moreover have "inj (Atom s)" by (simp add: inj_on_def)
  ultimately show "INFM a. sort_of a = s" by (rule INFM_inj)
qed

lemma infinite_sort_of_eq:
  shows "infinite {a. sort_of a = s}"
  using INFM_sort_of_eq unfolding INFM_iff_infinite .

lemma atom_infinite [simp]:
  shows "infinite (UNIV :: atom set)"
  using subset_UNIV infinite_sort_of_eq
  by (rule infinite_super)

lemma obtain_atom:
  fixes X :: "atom set"
  assumes X: "finite X"
  obtains a where "a ∉ X" "sort_of a = s"
proof -
  from X have "MOST a. a ∉ X"
    unfolding MOST_iff_cofinite by simp
  with INFM_sort_of_eq
  have "INFM a. sort_of a = s ∧ a ∉ X"
    by (rule INFM_conjI)
  then obtain a where "a ∉ X" "sort_of a = s"
    by (auto elim: INFM_E)
  then show ?thesis ..
qed

lemma atom_components_eq_iff:
  fixes a b :: atom
  shows "a = b ⟷ sort_of a = sort_of b ∧ nat_of a = nat_of b"
  by (induct a, induct b, simp)


section ‹Sort-Respecting Permutations›

definition
  "perm ≡ {f. bij f ∧ finite {a. f a ≠ a} ∧ (∀a. sort_of (f a) = sort_of a)}"

typedef perm = "perm"
proof
  show "id ∈ perm" unfolding perm_def by simp
qed

lemma permI:
  assumes "bij f" and "MOST x. f x = x" and "⋀a. sort_of (f a) = sort_of a"
  shows "f ∈ perm"
  using assms unfolding perm_def MOST_iff_cofinite by simp

lemma perm_is_bij: "f ∈ perm ⟹ bij f"
  unfolding perm_def by simp

lemma perm_is_finite: "f ∈ perm ⟹ finite {a. f a ≠ a}"
  unfolding perm_def by simp

lemma perm_is_sort_respecting: "f ∈ perm ⟹ sort_of (f a) = sort_of a"
  unfolding perm_def by simp

lemma perm_MOST: "f ∈ perm ⟹ MOST x. f x = x"
  unfolding perm_def MOST_iff_cofinite by simp

lemma perm_id: "id ∈ perm"
  unfolding perm_def by simp

lemma perm_comp:
  assumes f: "f ∈ perm" and g: "g ∈ perm"
  shows "(f ∘ g) ∈ perm"
apply (rule permI)
apply (rule bij_comp)
apply (rule perm_is_bij [OF g])
apply (rule perm_is_bij [OF f])
apply (rule MOST_rev_mp [OF perm_MOST [OF g]])
apply (rule MOST_rev_mp [OF perm_MOST [OF f]])
apply (simp)
apply (simp add: perm_is_sort_respecting [OF f])
apply (simp add: perm_is_sort_respecting [OF g])
done

lemma perm_inv:
  assumes f: "f ∈ perm"
  shows "(inv f) ∈ perm"
apply (rule permI)
apply (rule bij_imp_bij_inv)
apply (rule perm_is_bij [OF f])
apply (rule MOST_mono [OF perm_MOST [OF f]])
apply (erule subst, rule inv_f_f)
apply (rule bij_is_inj [OF perm_is_bij [OF f]])
apply (rule perm_is_sort_respecting [OF f, THEN sym, THEN trans])
apply (simp add: surj_f_inv_f [OF bij_is_surj [OF perm_is_bij [OF f]]])
done

lemma bij_Rep_perm: "bij (Rep_perm p)"
  using Rep_perm [of p] unfolding perm_def by simp

lemma finite_Rep_perm: "finite {a. Rep_perm p a ≠ a}"
  using Rep_perm [of p] unfolding perm_def by simp

lemma sort_of_Rep_perm: "sort_of (Rep_perm p a) = sort_of a"
  using Rep_perm [of p] unfolding perm_def by simp

lemma Rep_perm_ext:
  "Rep_perm p1 = Rep_perm p2 ⟹ p1 = p2"
  by (simp add: fun_eq_iff Rep_perm_inject [symmetric])

instance perm :: size ..


subsection ‹Permutations form a (multiplicative) group›

instantiation perm :: group_add
begin

definition
  "0 = Abs_perm id"

definition
  "- p = Abs_perm (inv (Rep_perm p))"

definition
  "p + q = Abs_perm (Rep_perm p ∘ Rep_perm q)"

definition
  "(p1::perm) - p2 = p1 + - p2"

lemma Rep_perm_0: "Rep_perm 0 = id"
  unfolding zero_perm_def
  by (simp add: Abs_perm_inverse perm_id)

lemma Rep_perm_add:
  "Rep_perm (p1 + p2) = Rep_perm p1 ∘ Rep_perm p2"
  unfolding plus_perm_def
  by (simp add: Abs_perm_inverse perm_comp Rep_perm)

lemma Rep_perm_uminus:
  "Rep_perm (- p) = inv (Rep_perm p)"
  unfolding uminus_perm_def
  by (simp add: Abs_perm_inverse perm_inv Rep_perm)

instance
apply standard
unfolding Rep_perm_inject [symmetric]
unfolding minus_perm_def
unfolding Rep_perm_add
unfolding Rep_perm_uminus
unfolding Rep_perm_0
by (simp_all add: o_assoc inv_o_cancel [OF bij_is_inj [OF bij_Rep_perm]])

end


section ‹Implementation of swappings›

definition
  swap :: "atom ⇒ atom ⇒ perm" ("'(_ ⇌ _')")
where
  "(a ⇌ b) =
    Abs_perm (if sort_of a = sort_of b
              then (λc. if a = c then b else if b = c then a else c)
              else id)"

lemma Rep_perm_swap:
  "Rep_perm (a ⇌ b) =
    (if sort_of a = sort_of b
     then (λc. if a = c then b else if b = c then a else c)
     else id)"
unfolding swap_def
apply (rule Abs_perm_inverse)
apply (rule permI)
apply (auto simp: bij_def inj_on_def surj_def)[1]
apply (rule MOST_rev_mp [OF MOST_neq(1) [of a]])
apply (rule MOST_rev_mp [OF MOST_neq(1) [of b]])
apply (simp)
apply (simp)
done

lemmas Rep_perm_simps =
  Rep_perm_0
  Rep_perm_add
  Rep_perm_uminus
  Rep_perm_swap

lemma swap_different_sorts [simp]:
  "sort_of a ≠ sort_of b ⟹ (a ⇌ b) = 0"
  by (rule Rep_perm_ext) (simp add: Rep_perm_simps)

lemma swap_cancel:
  shows "(a ⇌ b) + (a ⇌ b) = 0"
  and   "(a ⇌ b) + (b ⇌ a) = 0"
  by (rule_tac [!] Rep_perm_ext)
     (simp_all add: Rep_perm_simps fun_eq_iff)

lemma swap_self [simp]:
  "(a ⇌ a) = 0"
  by (rule Rep_perm_ext, simp add: Rep_perm_simps fun_eq_iff)

lemma minus_swap [simp]:
  "- (a ⇌ b) = (a ⇌ b)"
  by (rule minus_unique [OF swap_cancel(1)])

lemma swap_commute:
  "(a ⇌ b) = (b ⇌ a)"
  by (rule Rep_perm_ext)
     (simp add: Rep_perm_swap fun_eq_iff)

lemma swap_triple:
  assumes "a ≠ b" and "c ≠ b"
  assumes "sort_of a = sort_of b" "sort_of b = sort_of c"
  shows "(a ⇌ c) + (b ⇌ c) + (a ⇌ c) = (a ⇌ b)"
  using assms
  by (rule_tac Rep_perm_ext)
     (auto simp: Rep_perm_simps fun_eq_iff)


section ‹Permutation Types›

text ‹
  Infix syntax for ‹permute› has higher precedence than
  addition, but lower than unary minus.
›

class pt =
  fixes permute :: "perm ⇒ 'a ⇒ 'a" ("_ ∙ _" [76, 75] 75)
  assumes permute_zero [simp]: "0 ∙ x = x"
  assumes permute_plus [simp]: "(p + q) ∙ x = p ∙ (q ∙ x)"
begin

lemma permute_diff [simp]:
  shows "(p - q) ∙ x = p ∙ - q ∙ x"
  using permute_plus [of p "- q" x] by simp

lemma permute_minus_cancel [simp]:
  shows "p ∙ - p ∙ x = x"
  and   "- p ∙ p ∙ x = x"
  unfolding permute_plus [symmetric] by simp_all

lemma permute_swap_cancel [simp]:
  shows "(a ⇌ b) ∙ (a ⇌ b) ∙ x = x"
  unfolding permute_plus [symmetric]
  by (simp add: swap_cancel)

lemma permute_swap_cancel2 [simp]:
  shows "(a ⇌ b) ∙ (b ⇌ a) ∙ x = x"
  unfolding permute_plus [symmetric]
  by (simp add: swap_commute)

lemma inj_permute [simp]:
  shows "inj (permute p)"
  by (rule inj_on_inverseI)
     (rule permute_minus_cancel)

lemma surj_permute [simp]:
  shows "surj (permute p)"
  by (rule surjI, rule permute_minus_cancel)

lemma bij_permute [simp]:
  shows "bij (permute p)"
  by (rule bijI [OF inj_permute surj_permute])

lemma inv_permute:
  shows "inv (permute p) = permute (- p)"
  by (rule inv_equality) (simp_all)

lemma permute_minus:
  shows "permute (- p) = inv (permute p)"
  by (simp add: inv_permute)

lemma permute_eq_iff [simp]:
  shows "p ∙ x = p ∙ y ⟷ x = y"
  by (rule inj_permute [THEN inj_eq])

end

subsection ‹Permutations for atoms›

instantiation atom :: pt
begin

definition
  "p ∙ a = (Rep_perm p) a"

instance
apply standard
apply(simp_all add: permute_atom_def Rep_perm_simps)
done

end

lemma sort_of_permute [simp]:
  shows "sort_of (p ∙ a) = sort_of a"
  unfolding permute_atom_def by (rule sort_of_Rep_perm)

lemma swap_atom:
  shows "(a ⇌ b) ∙ c =
           (if sort_of a = sort_of b
            then (if c = a then b else if c = b then a else c) else c)"
  unfolding permute_atom_def
  by (simp add: Rep_perm_swap)

lemma swap_atom_simps [simp]:
  "sort_of a = sort_of b ⟹ (a ⇌ b) ∙ a = b"
  "sort_of a = sort_of b ⟹ (a ⇌ b) ∙ b = a"
  "c ≠ a ⟹ c ≠ b ⟹ (a ⇌ b) ∙ c = c"
  unfolding swap_atom by simp_all

lemma perm_eq_iff:
  fixes p q :: "perm"
  shows "p = q ⟷ (∀a::atom. p ∙ a = q ∙ a)"
  unfolding permute_atom_def
  by (metis Rep_perm_ext ext)

subsection ‹Permutations for permutations›

instantiation perm :: pt
begin

definition
  "p ∙ q = p + q - p"

instance
apply standard
apply (simp add: permute_perm_def)
apply (simp add: permute_perm_def algebra_simps)
done

end

lemma permute_self:
  shows "p ∙ p = p"
  unfolding permute_perm_def
  by (simp add: add.assoc)

lemma pemute_minus_self:
  shows "- p ∙ p = p"
  unfolding permute_perm_def
  by (simp add: add.assoc)


subsection ‹Permutations for functions›

instantiation "fun" :: (pt, pt) pt
begin

definition
  "p ∙ f = (λx. p ∙ (f (- p ∙ x)))"

instance
apply standard
apply (simp add: permute_fun_def)
apply (simp add: permute_fun_def minus_add)
done

end

lemma permute_fun_app_eq:
  shows "p ∙ (f x) = (p ∙ f) (p ∙ x)"
  unfolding permute_fun_def by simp

lemma permute_fun_comp:
  shows "p ∙ f  = (permute p) o f o (permute (-p))"
by (simp add: comp_def permute_fun_def)

subsection ‹Permutations for booleans›

instantiation bool :: pt
begin

definition "p ∙ (b::bool) = b"

instance
apply standard
apply(simp_all add: permute_bool_def)
done

end

lemma permute_boolE:
  fixes P::"bool"
  shows "p ∙ P ⟹ P"
  by (simp add: permute_bool_def)

lemma permute_boolI:
  fixes P::"bool"
  shows "P ⟹ p ∙ P"
  by(simp add: permute_bool_def)

subsection ‹Permutations for sets›

instantiation "set" :: (pt) pt
begin

definition
  "p ∙ X = {p ∙ x | x. x ∈ X}"

instance
apply standard
apply (auto simp: permute_set_def)
done

end

lemma permute_set_eq:
 shows "p ∙ X = {x. - p ∙ x ∈ X}"
unfolding permute_set_def
by (auto) (metis permute_minus_cancel(1))

lemma permute_set_eq_image:
  shows "p ∙ X = permute p ` X"
  unfolding permute_set_def by auto

lemma permute_set_eq_vimage:
  shows "p ∙ X = permute (- p) -` X"
  unfolding permute_set_eq vimage_def
  by simp

lemma permute_finite [simp]:
  shows "finite (p ∙ X) = finite X"
  unfolding permute_set_eq_vimage
  using bij_permute by (rule finite_vimage_iff)

lemma swap_set_not_in:
  assumes a: "a ∉ S" "b ∉ S"
  shows "(a ⇌ b) ∙ S = S"
  unfolding permute_set_def
  using a by (auto simp: swap_atom)

lemma swap_set_in:
  assumes a: "a ∈ S" "b ∉ S" "sort_of a = sort_of b"
  shows "(a ⇌ b) ∙ S ≠ S"
  unfolding permute_set_def
  using a by (auto simp: swap_atom)

lemma swap_set_in_eq:
  assumes a: "a ∈ S" "b ∉ S" "sort_of a = sort_of b"
  shows "(a ⇌ b) ∙ S = (S - {a}) ∪ {b}"
  unfolding permute_set_def
  using a by (auto simp: swap_atom)

lemma swap_set_both_in:
  assumes a: "a ∈ S" "b ∈ S"
  shows "(a ⇌ b) ∙ S = S"
  unfolding permute_set_def
  using a by (auto simp: swap_atom)

lemma mem_permute_iff:
  shows "(p ∙ x) ∈ (p ∙ X) ⟷ x ∈ X"
  unfolding permute_set_def
  by auto

lemma empty_eqvt:
  shows "p ∙ {} = {}"
  unfolding permute_set_def
  by (simp)

lemma insert_eqvt:
  shows "p ∙ (insert x A) = insert (p ∙ x) (p ∙ A)"
  unfolding permute_set_eq_image image_insert ..


subsection ‹Permutations for @{typ unit}›

instantiation unit :: pt
begin

definition "p ∙ (u::unit) = u"

instance
  by standard (simp_all add: permute_unit_def)

end


subsection ‹Permutations for products›

instantiation prod :: (pt, pt) pt
begin

primrec
  permute_prod
where
  Pair_eqvt: "p ∙ (x, y) = (p ∙ x, p ∙ y)"

instance
  by standard auto

end

subsection ‹Permutations for sums›

instantiation sum :: (pt, pt) pt
begin

primrec
  permute_sum
where
  Inl_eqvt: "p ∙ (Inl x) = Inl (p ∙ x)"
| Inr_eqvt: "p ∙ (Inr y) = Inr (p ∙ y)"

instance
  by standard (case_tac [!] x, simp_all)

end

subsection ‹Permutations for @{typ "'a list"}›

instantiation list :: (pt) pt
begin

primrec
  permute_list
where
  Nil_eqvt:  "p ∙ [] = []"
| Cons_eqvt: "p ∙ (x # xs) = p ∙ x # p ∙ xs"

instance
  by standard (induct_tac [!] x, simp_all)

end

lemma set_eqvt:
  shows "p ∙ (set xs) = set (p ∙ xs)"
  by (induct xs) (simp_all add: empty_eqvt insert_eqvt)



subsection ‹Permutations for @{typ "'a option"}›

instantiation option :: (pt) pt
begin

primrec
  permute_option
where
  None_eqvt: "p ∙ None = None"
| Some_eqvt: "p ∙ (Some x) = Some (p ∙ x)"

instance
  by standard (induct_tac [!] x, simp_all)

end

subsection ‹Permutations for @{typ "'a multiset"}›

instantiation multiset :: (pt) pt
begin

definition
  "p ∙ M = {# p ∙ x. x :# M #}"

instance
proof
  fix M :: "'a multiset" and p q :: "perm"
  show "0 ∙ M = M"
    unfolding permute_multiset_def
    by (induct_tac M) (simp_all)
  show "(p + q) ∙ M = p ∙ q ∙ M"
    unfolding permute_multiset_def
    by (induct_tac M) (simp_all)
qed

end

lemma permute_multiset [simp]:
  fixes M N::"('a::pt) multiset"
  shows "(p ∙ {#}) = ({#} ::('a::pt) multiset)"
  and   "(p ∙ add_mset x M) = add_mset (p ∙ x) (p ∙ M)"
  and   "(p ∙ (M + N)) = (p ∙ M) + (p ∙ N)"
  unfolding permute_multiset_def
  by (simp_all)


subsection ‹Permutations for @{typ "'a fset"}›

instantiation fset :: (pt) pt
begin

context includes fset.lifting begin
lift_definition
  "permute_fset" :: "perm ⇒ 'a fset ⇒ 'a fset"
is "permute :: perm ⇒ 'a set ⇒ 'a set" by simp
end

context includes fset.lifting begin
instance
proof
  fix x :: "'a fset" and p q :: "perm"
  show "0 ∙ x = x" by transfer simp
  show "(p + q) ∙ x = p ∙ q ∙ x"  by transfer simp
qed
end

end

context includes fset.lifting
begin
lemma permute_fset [simp]:
  fixes S::"('a::pt) fset"
  shows "(p ∙ {||}) = ({||} ::('a::pt) fset)"
  and   "(p ∙ finsert x S) = finsert (p ∙ x) (p ∙ S)"
  apply (transfer, simp add: empty_eqvt)
  apply (transfer, simp add: insert_eqvt)
  done

lemma fset_eqvt:
  shows "p ∙ (fset S) = fset (p ∙ S)"
  by transfer simp
end


subsection ‹Permutations for @{typ "('a, 'b) finfun"}›

instantiation finfun :: (pt, pt) pt
begin

lift_definition
  permute_finfun :: "perm ⇒ ('a, 'b) finfun ⇒ ('a, 'b) finfun"
is
  "permute :: perm ⇒ ('a ⇒ 'b) ⇒ ('a ⇒ 'b)"
  apply(simp add: permute_fun_comp)
  apply(rule finfun_right_compose)
  apply(rule finfun_left_compose)
  apply(assumption)
  apply(simp)
  done

instance
apply standard
apply(transfer)
apply(simp)
apply(transfer)
apply(simp)
done

end


subsection ‹Permutations for @{typ char}, @{typ nat}, and @{typ int}›

instantiation char :: pt
begin

definition "p ∙ (c::char) = c"

instance
  by standard (simp_all add: permute_char_def)

end

instantiation nat :: pt
begin

definition "p ∙ (n::nat) = n"

instance
  by standard (simp_all add: permute_nat_def)

end

instantiation int :: pt
begin

definition "p ∙ (i::int) = i"

instance
  by standard (simp_all add: permute_int_def)

end


section ‹Pure types›

text ‹Pure types will have always empty support.›

class pure = pt +
  assumes permute_pure: "p ∙ x = x"

text ‹Types @{typ unit} and @{typ bool} are pure.›

instance unit :: pure
proof qed (rule permute_unit_def)

instance bool :: pure
proof qed (rule permute_bool_def)


text ‹Other type constructors preserve purity.›

instance "fun" :: (pure, pure) pure
  by standard (simp add: permute_fun_def permute_pure)

instance set :: (pure) pure
  by standard (simp add: permute_set_def permute_pure)

instance prod :: (pure, pure) pure
  by standard (induct_tac x, simp add: permute_pure)

instance sum :: (pure, pure) pure
  by standard (induct_tac x, simp_all add: permute_pure)

instance list :: (pure) pure
  by standard (induct_tac x, simp_all add: permute_pure)

instance option :: (pure) pure
  by standard (induct_tac x, simp_all add: permute_pure)


subsection ‹Types @{typ char}, @{typ nat}, and @{typ int}›

instance char :: pure
proof qed (rule permute_char_def)

instance nat :: pure
proof qed (rule permute_nat_def)

instance int :: pure
proof qed (rule permute_int_def)


section ‹Infrastructure for Equivariance and ‹Perm_simp››

subsection ‹Basic functions about permutations›

ML_file ‹nominal_basics.ML›


subsection ‹Eqvt infrastructure›

text ‹Setup of the theorem attributes ‹eqvt› and ‹eqvt_raw›.›

ML_file ‹nominal_thmdecls.ML›


lemmas [eqvt] =
  (* pt types *)
  permute_prod.simps
  permute_list.simps
  permute_option.simps
  permute_sum.simps

  (* sets *)
  empty_eqvt insert_eqvt set_eqvt

  (* fsets *)
  permute_fset fset_eqvt

  (* multisets *)
  permute_multiset

subsection ‹‹perm_simp› infrastructure›

definition
  "unpermute p = permute (- p)"

lemma eqvt_apply:
  fixes f :: "'a::pt ⇒ 'b::pt"
  and x :: "'a::pt"
  shows "p ∙ (f x) ≡ (p ∙ f) (p ∙ x)"
  unfolding permute_fun_def by simp

lemma eqvt_lambda:
  fixes f :: "'a::pt ⇒ 'b::pt"
  shows "p ∙ f ≡ (λx. p ∙ (f (unpermute p x)))"
  unfolding permute_fun_def unpermute_def by simp

lemma eqvt_bound:
  shows "p ∙ unpermute p x ≡ x"
  unfolding unpermute_def by simp

text ‹provides ‹perm_simp› methods›

ML_file ‹nominal_permeq.ML›

method_setup perm_simp =
 ‹Nominal_Permeq.args_parser >> Nominal_Permeq.perm_simp_meth›
 ‹pushes permutations inside.›

method_setup perm_strict_simp =
 ‹Nominal_Permeq.args_parser >> Nominal_Permeq.perm_strict_simp_meth›
 ‹pushes permutations inside, raises an error if it cannot solve all permutations.›

simproc_setup perm_simproc ("p ∙ t") = ‹fn _ => fn ctxt => fn ctrm =>
  case Thm.term_of (Thm.dest_arg ctrm) of
    Free _ => NONE
  | Var _ => NONE
  | \<^Const_>‹permute _ for _ _› => NONE
  | _ =>
      let
        val thm = Nominal_Permeq.eqvt_conv ctxt Nominal_Permeq.eqvt_strict_config ctrm
          handle ERROR _ => Thm.reflexive ctrm
      in
        if Thm.is_reflexive thm then NONE else SOME(thm)
      end
›


subsubsection ‹Equivariance for permutations and swapping›

lemma permute_eqvt:
  shows "p ∙ (q ∙ x) = (p ∙ q) ∙ (p ∙ x)"
  unfolding permute_perm_def by simp

(* the normal version of this lemma would cause loops *)
lemma permute_eqvt_raw [eqvt_raw]:
  shows "p ∙ permute ≡ permute"
apply(simp add: fun_eq_iff permute_fun_def)
apply(subst permute_eqvt)
apply(simp)
done

lemma zero_perm_eqvt [eqvt]:
  shows "p ∙ (0::perm) = 0"
  unfolding permute_perm_def by simp

lemma add_perm_eqvt [eqvt]:
  fixes p p1 p2 :: perm
  shows "p ∙ (p1 + p2) = p ∙ p1 + p ∙ p2"
  unfolding permute_perm_def
  by (simp add: perm_eq_iff)

lemma swap_eqvt [eqvt]:
  shows "p ∙ (a ⇌ b) = (p ∙ a ⇌ p ∙ b)"
  unfolding permute_perm_def
  by (auto simp: swap_atom perm_eq_iff)

lemma uminus_eqvt [eqvt]:
  fixes p q::"perm"
  shows "p ∙ (- q) = - (p ∙ q)"
  unfolding permute_perm_def
  by (simp add: diff_add_eq_diff_diff_swap)


subsubsection ‹Equivariance of Logical Operators›

lemma eq_eqvt [eqvt]:
  shows "p ∙ (x = y) ⟷ (p ∙ x) = (p ∙ y)"
  unfolding permute_eq_iff permute_bool_def ..

lemma Not_eqvt [eqvt]:
  shows "p ∙ (¬ A) ⟷ ¬ (p ∙ A)"
  by (simp add: permute_bool_def)

lemma conj_eqvt [eqvt]:
  shows "p ∙ (A ∧ B) ⟷ (p ∙ A) ∧ (p ∙ B)"
  by (simp add: permute_bool_def)

lemma imp_eqvt [eqvt]:
  shows "p ∙ (A ⟶ B) ⟷ (p ∙ A) ⟶ (p ∙ B)"
  by (simp add: permute_bool_def)

declare imp_eqvt[folded HOL.induct_implies_def, eqvt]

lemma all_eqvt [eqvt]:
  shows "p ∙ (∀x. P x) = (∀x. (p ∙ P) x)"
  unfolding All_def
  by (perm_simp) (rule refl)

declare all_eqvt[folded HOL.induct_forall_def, eqvt]

lemma ex_eqvt [eqvt]:
  shows "p ∙ (∃x. P x) = (∃x. (p ∙ P) x)"
  unfolding Ex_def
  by (perm_simp) (rule refl)

lemma ex1_eqvt [eqvt]:
  shows "p ∙ (∃!x. P x) = (∃!x. (p ∙ P) x)"
  unfolding Ex1_def
  by (perm_simp) (rule refl)

lemma if_eqvt [eqvt]:
  shows "p ∙ (if b then x else y) = (if p ∙ b then p ∙ x else p ∙ y)"
  by (simp add: permute_fun_def permute_bool_def)

lemma True_eqvt [eqvt]:
  shows "p ∙ True = True"
  unfolding permute_bool_def ..

lemma False_eqvt [eqvt]:
  shows "p ∙ False = False"
  unfolding permute_bool_def ..

lemma disj_eqvt [eqvt]:
  shows "p ∙ (A ∨ B) ⟷ (p ∙ A) ∨ (p ∙ B)"
  by (simp add: permute_bool_def)

lemma all_eqvt2:
  shows "p ∙ (∀x. P x) = (∀x. p ∙ P (- p ∙ x))"
  by (perm_simp add: permute_minus_cancel) (rule refl)

lemma ex_eqvt2:
  shows "p ∙ (∃x. P x) = (∃x. p ∙ P (- p ∙ x))"
  by (perm_simp add: permute_minus_cancel) (rule refl)

lemma ex1_eqvt2:
  shows "p ∙ (∃!x. P x) = (∃!x. p ∙ P (- p ∙ x))"
  by (perm_simp add: permute_minus_cancel) (rule refl)

lemma the_eqvt:
  assumes unique: "∃!x. P x"
  shows "(p ∙ (THE x. P x)) = (THE x. (p ∙ P) x)"
  apply(rule the1_equality [symmetric])
  apply(rule_tac p="-p" in permute_boolE)
  apply(perm_simp add: permute_minus_cancel)
  apply(rule unique)
  apply(rule_tac p="-p" in permute_boolE)
  apply(perm_simp add: permute_minus_cancel)
  apply(rule theI'[OF unique])
  done

lemma the_eqvt2:
  assumes unique: "∃!x. P x"
  shows "(p ∙ (THE x. P x)) = (THE x. p ∙ P (- p ∙ x))"
  apply(rule the1_equality [symmetric])
  apply(simp only: ex1_eqvt2[symmetric])
  apply(simp add: permute_bool_def unique)
  apply(simp add: permute_bool_def)
  apply(rule theI'[OF unique])
  done

subsubsection ‹Equivariance of Set operators›

lemma mem_eqvt [eqvt]:
  shows "p ∙ (x ∈ A) ⟷ (p ∙ x) ∈ (p ∙ A)"
  unfolding permute_bool_def permute_set_def
  by (auto)

lemma Collect_eqvt [eqvt]:
  shows "p ∙ {x. P x} = {x. (p ∙ P) x}"
  unfolding permute_set_eq permute_fun_def
  by (auto simp: permute_bool_def)

lemma Bex_eqvt [eqvt]:
  shows "p ∙ (∃x ∈ S. P x) = (∃x ∈ (p ∙ S). (p ∙ P) x)"
  unfolding Bex_def by simp

lemma Ball_eqvt [eqvt]:
  shows "p ∙ (∀x ∈ S. P x) = (∀x ∈ (p ∙ S). (p ∙ P) x)"
  unfolding Ball_def by simp

lemma image_eqvt [eqvt]:
  shows "p ∙ (f ` A) = (p ∙ f) ` (p ∙ A)"
  unfolding image_def by simp

lemma Image_eqvt [eqvt]:
  shows "p ∙ (R `` A) = (p ∙ R) `` (p ∙ A)"
  unfolding Image_def by simp

lemma UNIV_eqvt [eqvt]:
  shows "p ∙ UNIV = UNIV"
  unfolding UNIV_def
  by (perm_simp) (rule refl)

lemma inter_eqvt [eqvt]:
  shows "p ∙ (A ∩ B) = (p ∙ A) ∩ (p ∙ B)"
  unfolding Int_def by simp

lemma Inter_eqvt [eqvt]:
  shows "p ∙ ⋂S = ⋂(p ∙ S)"
  unfolding Inter_eq by simp

lemma union_eqvt [eqvt]:
  shows "p ∙ (A ∪ B) = (p ∙ A) ∪ (p ∙ B)"
  unfolding Un_def by simp

lemma Union_eqvt [eqvt]:
  shows "p ∙ ⋃A = ⋃(p ∙ A)"
  unfolding Union_eq
  by perm_simp rule

lemma Diff_eqvt [eqvt]:
  fixes A B :: "'a::pt set"
  shows "p ∙ (A - B) = (p ∙ A) - (p ∙ B)"
  unfolding set_diff_eq by simp

lemma Compl_eqvt [eqvt]:
  fixes A :: "'a::pt set"
  shows "p ∙ (- A) = - (p ∙ A)"
  unfolding Compl_eq_Diff_UNIV by simp

lemma subset_eqvt [eqvt]:
  shows "p ∙ (S ⊆ T) ⟷ (p ∙ S) ⊆ (p ∙ T)"
  unfolding subset_eq by simp

lemma psubset_eqvt [eqvt]:
  shows "p ∙ (S ⊂ T) ⟷ (p ∙ S) ⊂ (p ∙ T)"
  unfolding psubset_eq by simp

lemma vimage_eqvt [eqvt]:
  shows "p ∙ (f -` A) = (p ∙ f) -` (p ∙ A)"
  unfolding vimage_def by simp

lemma foldr_eqvt[eqvt]:
  "p ∙ foldr f xs = foldr (p ∙ f) (p ∙ xs)"
  apply(induct xs)
  apply(simp_all)
  apply(perm_simp exclude: foldr)
  apply(simp)
  done

(* FIXME: eqvt attribute *)
lemma Sigma_eqvt:
  shows "(p ∙ (X × Y)) = (p ∙ X) × (p ∙ Y)"
unfolding Sigma_def
by (perm_simp) (rule refl)

text ‹
  In order to prove that lfp is equivariant we need two
  auxiliary classes which specify that (<=) and
  Inf are equivariant. Instances for bool and fun are
  given.
›

class le_eqvt = pt +
  assumes le_eqvt [eqvt]: "p ∙ (x ≤ y) = ((p ∙ x) ≤ (p ∙ (y :: 'a :: {order, pt})))"

class inf_eqvt = pt +
  assumes inf_eqvt [eqvt]: "p ∙ (Inf X) = Inf (p ∙ (X :: 'a :: {complete_lattice, pt} set))"

instantiation bool :: le_eqvt
begin

instance
apply standard
unfolding le_bool_def
apply(perm_simp)
apply(rule refl)
done

end

instantiation "fun" :: (pt, le_eqvt) le_eqvt
begin

instance
apply standard
unfolding le_fun_def
apply(perm_simp)
apply(rule refl)
done

end

instantiation bool :: inf_eqvt
begin

instance
apply standard
unfolding Inf_bool_def
apply(perm_simp)
apply(rule refl)
done

end

instantiation "fun" :: (pt, inf_eqvt) inf_eqvt
begin

instance
apply standard
unfolding Inf_fun_def
apply(perm_simp)
apply(rule refl)
done

end

lemma lfp_eqvt [eqvt]:
  fixes F::"('a ⇒ 'b) ⇒ ('a::pt ⇒ 'b::{inf_eqvt, le_eqvt})"
  shows "p ∙ (lfp F) = lfp (p ∙ F)"
unfolding lfp_def
by simp

lemma finite_eqvt [eqvt]:
  shows "p ∙ finite A = finite (p ∙ A)"
unfolding finite_def
by simp

lemma fun_upd_eqvt[eqvt]:
  shows "p ∙ (f(x := y)) = (p ∙ f)((p ∙ x) := (p ∙ y))"
unfolding fun_upd_def
by simp

lemma comp_eqvt [eqvt]:
  shows "p ∙ (f ∘ g) = (p ∙ f) ∘ (p ∙ g)"
unfolding comp_def
by simp

subsubsection ‹Equivariance for product operations›

lemma fst_eqvt [eqvt]:
  shows "p ∙ (fst x) = fst (p ∙ x)"
  by (cases x) simp

lemma snd_eqvt [eqvt]:
  shows "p ∙ (snd x) = snd (p ∙ x)"
  by (cases x) simp

lemma split_eqvt [eqvt]:
  shows "p ∙ (case_prod P x) = case_prod (p ∙ P) (p ∙ x)"
  unfolding split_def
  by simp


subsubsection ‹Equivariance for list operations›

lemma append_eqvt [eqvt]:
  shows "p ∙ (xs @ ys) = (p ∙ xs) @ (p ∙ ys)"
  by (induct xs) auto

lemma rev_eqvt [eqvt]:
  shows "p ∙ (rev xs) = rev (p ∙ xs)"
  by (induct xs) (simp_all add: append_eqvt)

lemma map_eqvt [eqvt]:
  shows "p ∙ (map f xs) = map (p ∙ f) (p ∙ xs)"
  by (induct xs) (simp_all)

lemma removeAll_eqvt [eqvt]:
  shows "p ∙ (removeAll x xs) = removeAll (p ∙ x) (p ∙ xs)"
  by (induct xs) (auto)

lemma filter_eqvt [eqvt]:
  shows "p ∙ (filter f xs) = filter (p ∙ f) (p ∙ xs)"
apply(induct xs)
apply(simp)
apply(simp only: filter.simps permute_list.simps if_eqvt)
apply(simp only: permute_fun_app_eq)
done

lemma distinct_eqvt [eqvt]:
  shows "p ∙ (distinct xs) = distinct (p ∙ xs)"
apply(induct xs)
apply(simp add: permute_bool_def)
apply(simp add: conj_eqvt Not_eqvt mem_eqvt set_eqvt)
done

lemma length_eqvt [eqvt]:
  shows "p ∙ (length xs) = length (p ∙ xs)"
by (induct xs) (simp_all add: permute_pure)


subsubsection ‹Equivariance for @{typ "'a option"}›

lemma map_option_eqvt[eqvt]:
  shows "p ∙ (map_option f x) = map_option (p ∙ f) (p ∙ x)"
  by (cases x) (simp_all)


subsubsection ‹Equivariance for @{typ "'a fset"}›

context includes fset.lifting begin
lemma in_fset_eqvt:
  shows "(p ∙ (x |∈| S)) = ((p ∙ x) |∈| (p ∙ S))"
  by transfer simp

lemma union_fset_eqvt [eqvt]:
  shows "(p ∙ (S |∪| T)) = ((p ∙ S) |∪| (p ∙ T))"
  by (induct S) (simp_all)

lemma inter_fset_eqvt [eqvt]:
  shows "(p ∙ (S |∩| T)) = ((p ∙ S) |∩| (p ∙ T))"
  by transfer simp

lemma subset_fset_eqvt [eqvt]:
  shows "(p ∙ (S |⊆| T)) = ((p ∙ S) |⊆| (p ∙ T))"
  by transfer simp

lemma map_fset_eqvt [eqvt]:
  shows "p ∙ (f |`| S) = (p ∙ f) |`| (p ∙ S)"
  by transfer simp
end

subsubsection ‹Equivariance for @{typ "('a, 'b) finfun"}›

lemma finfun_update_eqvt [eqvt]:
  shows "(p ∙ (finfun_update f a b)) = finfun_update (p ∙ f) (p ∙ a) (p ∙ b)"
by (transfer) (simp)

lemma finfun_const_eqvt [eqvt]:
  shows "(p ∙ (finfun_const b)) = finfun_const (p ∙ b)"
by (transfer) (simp)

lemma finfun_apply_eqvt [eqvt]:
  shows "(p ∙ (finfun_apply f b)) = finfun_apply (p ∙ f) (p ∙ b)"
by (transfer) (simp)


section ‹Supp, Freshness and Supports›

context pt
begin

definition
  supp :: "'a ⇒ atom set"
where
  "supp x = {a. infinite {b. (a ⇌ b) ∙ x ≠ x}}"

definition
  fresh :: "atom ⇒ 'a ⇒ bool" ("_ ♯ _" [55, 55] 55)
where
  "a ♯ x ≡ a ∉ supp x"

end

lemma supp_conv_fresh:
  shows "supp x = {a. ¬ a ♯ x}"
  unfolding fresh_def by simp

lemma swap_rel_trans:
  assumes "sort_of a = sort_of b"
  assumes "sort_of b = sort_of c"
  assumes "(a ⇌ c) ∙ x = x"
  assumes "(b ⇌ c) ∙ x = x"
  shows "(a ⇌ b) ∙ x = x"
proof (cases)
  assume "a = b ∨ c = b"
  with assms show "(a ⇌ b) ∙ x = x" by auto
next
  assume *: "¬ (a = b ∨ c = b)"
  have "((a ⇌ c) + (b ⇌ c) + (a ⇌ c)) ∙ x = x"
    using assms by simp
  also have "(a ⇌ c) + (b ⇌ c) + (a ⇌ c) = (a ⇌ b)"
    using assms * by (simp add: swap_triple)
  finally show "(a ⇌ b) ∙ x = x" .
qed

lemma swap_fresh_fresh:
  assumes a: "a ♯ x"
  and     b: "b ♯ x"
  shows "(a ⇌ b) ∙ x = x"
proof (cases)
  assume asm: "sort_of a = sort_of b"
  have "finite {c. (a ⇌ c) ∙ x ≠ x}" "finite {c. (b ⇌ c) ∙ x ≠ x}"
    using a b unfolding fresh_def supp_def by simp_all
  then have "finite ({c. (a ⇌ c) ∙ x ≠ x} ∪ {c. (b ⇌ c) ∙ x ≠ x})" by simp
  then obtain c
    where "(a ⇌ c) ∙ x = x" "(b ⇌ c) ∙ x = x" "sort_of c = sort_of b"
    by (rule obtain_atom) (auto)
  then show "(a ⇌ b) ∙ x = x" using asm by (rule_tac swap_rel_trans) (simp_all)
next
  assume "sort_of a ≠ sort_of b"
  then show "(a ⇌ b) ∙ x = x" by simp
qed


subsection ‹supp and fresh are equivariant›


lemma supp_eqvt [eqvt]:
  shows "p ∙ (supp x) = supp (p ∙ x)"
  unfolding supp_def by simp

lemma fresh_eqvt [eqvt]:
  shows "p ∙ (a ♯ x) = (p ∙ a) ♯ (p ∙ x)"
  unfolding fresh_def by simp

lemma fresh_permute_iff:
  shows "(p ∙ a) ♯ (p ∙ x) ⟷ a ♯ x"
  by (simp only: fresh_eqvt[symmetric] permute_bool_def)

lemma fresh_permute_left:
  shows "a ♯ p ∙ x ⟷ - p ∙ a ♯ x"
proof
  assume "a ♯ p ∙ x"
  then have "- p ∙ a ♯ - p ∙ p ∙ x" by (simp only: fresh_permute_iff)
  then show "- p ∙ a ♯ x" by simp
next
  assume "- p ∙ a ♯ x"
  then have "p ∙ - p ∙ a ♯ p ∙ x" by (simp only: fresh_permute_iff)
  then show "a ♯ p ∙ x" by simp
qed


section ‹supports›

definition
  supports :: "atom set ⇒ 'a::pt ⇒ bool" (infixl "supports" 80)
where
  "S supports x ≡ ∀a b. (a ∉ S ∧ b ∉ S ⟶ (a ⇌ b) ∙ x = x)"

lemma supp_is_subset:
  fixes S :: "atom set"
  and   x :: "'a::pt"
  assumes a1: "S supports x"
  and     a2: "finite S"
  shows "(supp x) ⊆ S"
proof (rule ccontr)
  assume "¬ (supp x ⊆ S)"
  then obtain a where b1: "a ∈ supp x" and b2: "a ∉ S" by auto
  from a1 b2 have "∀b. b ∉ S ⟶ (a ⇌ b) ∙ x = x" unfolding supports_def by auto
  then have "{b. (a ⇌ b) ∙ x ≠ x} ⊆ S" by auto
  with a2 have "finite {b. (a ⇌ b) ∙ x ≠ x}" by (simp add: finite_subset)
  then have "a ∉ (supp x)" unfolding supp_def by simp
  with b1 show False by simp
qed

lemma supports_finite:
  fixes S :: "atom set"
  and   x :: "'a::pt"
  assumes a1: "S supports x"
  and     a2: "finite S"
  shows "finite (supp x)"
proof -
  have "(supp x) ⊆ S" using a1 a2 by (rule supp_is_subset)
  then show "finite (supp x)" using a2 by (simp add: finite_subset)
qed

lemma supp_supports:
  fixes x :: "'a::pt"
  shows "(supp x) supports x"
unfolding supports_def
proof (intro strip)
  fix a b
  assume "a ∉ (supp x) ∧ b ∉ (supp x)"
  then have "a ♯ x" and "b ♯ x" by (simp_all add: fresh_def)
  then show "(a ⇌ b) ∙ x = x" by (simp add: swap_fresh_fresh)
qed

lemma supports_fresh:
  fixes x :: "'a::pt"
  assumes a1: "S supports x"
  and     a2: "finite S"
  and     a3: "a ∉ S"
  shows "a ♯ x"
unfolding fresh_def
proof -
  have "(supp x) ⊆ S" using a1 a2 by (rule supp_is_subset)
  then show "a ∉ (supp x)" using a3 by auto
qed

lemma supp_is_least_supports:
  fixes S :: "atom set"
  and   x :: "'a::pt"
  assumes  a1: "S supports x"
  and      a2: "finite S"
  and      a3: "⋀S'. finite S' ⟹ (S' supports x) ⟹ S ⊆ S'"
  shows "(supp x) = S"
proof (rule equalityI)
  show "(supp x) ⊆ S" using a1 a2 by (rule supp_is_subset)
  with a2 have fin: "finite (supp x)" by (rule rev_finite_subset)
  have "(supp x) supports x" by (rule supp_supports)
  with fin a3 show "S ⊆ supp x" by blast
qed


lemma subsetCI:
  shows "(⋀x. x ∈ A ⟹ x ∉ B ⟹ False) ⟹ A ⊆ B"
  by auto

lemma finite_supp_unique:
  assumes a1: "S supports x"
  assumes a2: "finite S"
  assumes a3: "⋀a b. ⟦a ∈ S; b ∉ S; sort_of a = sort_of b⟧ ⟹ (a ⇌ b) ∙ x ≠ x"
  shows "(supp x) = S"
  using a1 a2
proof (rule supp_is_least_supports)
  fix S'
  assume "finite S'" and "S' supports x"
  show "S ⊆ S'"
  proof (rule subsetCI)
    fix a
    assume "a ∈ S" and "a ∉ S'"
    have "finite (S ∪ S')"
      using ‹finite S› ‹finite S'› by simp
    then obtain b where "b ∉ S ∪ S'" and "sort_of b = sort_of a"
      by (rule obtain_atom)
    then have "b ∉ S" and "b ∉ S'"  and "sort_of a = sort_of b"
      by simp_all
    then have "(a ⇌ b) ∙ x = x"
      using ‹a ∉ S'› ‹S' supports x› by (simp add: supports_def)
    moreover have "(a ⇌ b) ∙ x ≠ x"
      using ‹a ∈ S› ‹b ∉ S› ‹sort_of a = sort_of b›
      by (rule a3)
    ultimately show "False" by simp
  qed
qed

section ‹Support w.r.t. relations›

text ‹
  This definition is used for unquotient types, where
  alpha-equivalence does not coincide with equality.
›

definition
  "supp_rel R x = {a. infinite {b. ¬(R ((a ⇌ b) ∙ x) x)}}"



section ‹Finitely-supported types›

class fs = pt +
  assumes finite_supp: "finite (supp x)"

lemma pure_supp:
  fixes x::"'a::pure"
  shows "supp x = {}"
  unfolding supp_def by (simp add: permute_pure)

lemma pure_fresh:
  fixes x::"'a::pure"
  shows "a ♯ x"
  unfolding fresh_def by (simp add: pure_supp)

instance pure < fs
  by standard (simp add: pure_supp)


subsection  ‹Type \<^typ>‹atom› is finitely-supported.›

lemma supp_atom:
  shows "supp a = {a}"
apply (rule finite_supp_unique)
apply (clarsimp simp add: supports_def)
apply simp
apply simp
done

lemma fresh_atom:
  shows "a ♯ b ⟷ a ≠ b"
  unfolding fresh_def supp_atom by simp

instance atom :: fs
  by standard (simp add: supp_atom)


section ‹Type \<^typ>‹perm› is finitely-supported.›

lemma perm_swap_eq:
  shows "(a ⇌ b) ∙ p = p ⟷ (p ∙ (a ⇌ b)) = (a ⇌ b)"
unfolding permute_perm_def
by (metis add_diff_cancel minus_perm_def)

lemma supports_perm:
  shows "{a. p ∙ a ≠ a} supports p"
  unfolding supports_def
  unfolding perm_swap_eq
  by (simp add: swap_eqvt)

lemma finite_perm_lemma:
  shows "finite {a::atom. p ∙ a ≠ a}"
  using finite_Rep_perm [of p]
  unfolding permute_atom_def .

lemma supp_perm:
  shows "supp p = {a. p ∙ a ≠ a}"
apply (rule finite_supp_unique)
apply (rule supports_perm)
apply (rule finite_perm_lemma)
apply (simp add: perm_swap_eq swap_eqvt)
apply (auto simp: perm_eq_iff swap_atom)
done

lemma fresh_perm:
  shows "a ♯ p ⟷ p ∙ a = a"
  unfolding fresh_def
  by (simp add: supp_perm)

lemma supp_swap:
  shows "supp (a ⇌ b) = (if a = b ∨ sort_of a ≠ sort_of b then {} else {a, b})"
  by (auto simp: supp_perm swap_atom)

lemma fresh_swap:
  shows "a ♯ (b ⇌ c) ⟷ (sort_of b ≠ sort_of c) ∨ b = c ∨ (a ♯ b ∧ a ♯ c)"
  by (simp add: fresh_def supp_swap supp_atom)

lemma fresh_zero_perm:
  shows "a ♯ (0::perm)"
  unfolding fresh_perm by simp

lemma supp_zero_perm:
  shows "supp (0::perm) = {}"
  unfolding supp_perm by simp

lemma fresh_plus_perm:
  fixes p q::perm
  assumes "a ♯ p" "a ♯ q"
  shows "a ♯ (p + q)"
  using assms
  unfolding fresh_def
  by (auto simp: supp_perm)

lemma supp_plus_perm:
  fixes p q::perm
  shows "supp (p + q) ⊆ supp p ∪ supp q"
  by (auto simp: supp_perm)

lemma fresh_minus_perm:
  fixes p::perm
  shows "a ♯ (- p) ⟷ a ♯ p"
  unfolding fresh_def
  unfolding supp_perm
  apply(simp)
  apply(metis permute_minus_cancel)
  done

lemma supp_minus_perm:
  fixes p::perm
  shows "supp (- p) = supp p"
  unfolding supp_conv_fresh
  by (simp add: fresh_minus_perm)

lemma plus_perm_eq:
  fixes p q::"perm"
  assumes asm: "supp p ∩ supp q = {}"
  shows "p + q = q + p"
unfolding perm_eq_iff
proof
  fix a::"atom"
  show "(p + q) ∙ a = (q + p) ∙ a"
  proof -
    { assume "a ∉ supp p" "a ∉ supp q"
      then have "(p + q) ∙ a = (q + p) ∙ a"
        by (simp add: supp_perm)
    }
    moreover
    { assume a: "a ∈ supp p" "a ∉ supp q"
      then have "p ∙ a ∈ supp p" by (simp add: supp_perm)
      then have "p ∙ a ∉ supp q" using asm by auto
      with a have "(p + q) ∙ a = (q + p) ∙ a"
        by (simp add: supp_perm)
    }
    moreover
    { assume a: "a ∉ supp p" "a ∈ supp q"
      then have "q ∙ a ∈ supp q" by (simp add: supp_perm)
      then have "q ∙ a ∉ supp p" using asm by auto
      with a have "(p + q) ∙ a = (q + p) ∙ a"
        by (simp add: supp_perm)
    }
    ultimately show "(p + q) ∙ a = (q + p) ∙ a"
      using asm by blast
  qed
qed

lemma supp_plus_perm_eq:
  fixes p q::perm
  assumes asm: "supp p ∩ supp q = {}"
  shows "supp (p + q) = supp p ∪ supp q"
proof -
  { fix a::"atom"
    assume "a ∈ supp p"
    then have "a ∉ supp q" using asm by auto
    then have "a ∈ supp (p + q)" using ‹a ∈ supp p›
      by (simp add: supp_perm)
  }
  moreover
  { fix a::"atom"
    assume "a ∈ supp q"
    then have "a ∉ supp p" using asm by auto
    then have "a ∈ supp (q + p)" using ‹a ∈ supp q›
      by (simp add: supp_perm)
    then have "a ∈ supp (p + q)" using asm plus_perm_eq
      by metis
  }
  ultimately have "supp p ∪ supp q ⊆ supp (p + q)"
    by blast
  then show "supp (p + q) = supp p ∪ supp q" using supp_plus_perm
    by blast
qed

lemma perm_eq_iff2:
  fixes p q :: "perm"
  shows "p = q ⟷ (∀a::atom ∈ supp p ∪ supp q. p ∙ a = q ∙ a)"
  unfolding perm_eq_iff
  apply(auto)
  apply(case_tac "a ♯ p ∧ a ♯ q")
  apply(simp add: fresh_perm)
  apply(simp add: fresh_def)
  done


instance perm :: fs
  by standard (simp add: supp_perm finite_perm_lemma)



section ‹Finite Support instances for other types›


subsection ‹Type @{typ "'a × 'b"} is finitely-supported.›

lemma supp_Pair:
  shows "supp (x, y) = supp x ∪ supp y"
  by (simp add: supp_def Collect_imp_eq Collect_neg_eq)

lemma fresh_Pair:
  shows "a ♯ (x, y) ⟷ a ♯ x ∧ a ♯ y"
  by (simp add: fresh_def supp_Pair)

lemma supp_Unit:
  shows "supp () = {}"
  by (simp add: supp_def)

lemma fresh_Unit:
  shows "a ♯ ()"
  by (simp add: fresh_def supp_Unit)

instance prod :: (fs, fs) fs
apply standard
apply (case_tac x)
apply (simp add: supp_Pair finite_supp)
done


subsection ‹Type @{typ "'a + 'b"} is finitely supported›

lemma supp_Inl:
  shows "supp (Inl x) = supp x"
  by (simp add: supp_def)

lemma supp_Inr:
  shows "supp (Inr x) = supp x"
  by (simp add: supp_def)

lemma fresh_Inl:
  shows "a ♯ Inl x ⟷ a ♯ x"
  by (simp add: fresh_def supp_Inl)

lemma fresh_Inr:
  shows "a ♯ Inr y ⟷ a ♯ y"
  by (simp add: fresh_def supp_Inr)

instance sum :: (fs, fs) fs
apply standard
apply (case_tac x)
apply (simp_all add: supp_Inl supp_Inr finite_supp)
done


subsection ‹Type @{typ "'a option"} is finitely supported›

lemma supp_None:
  shows "supp None = {}"
by (simp add: supp_def)

lemma supp_Some:
  shows "supp (Some x) = supp x"
  by (simp add: supp_def)

lemma fresh_None:
  shows "a ♯ None"
  by (simp add: fresh_def supp_None)

lemma fresh_Some:
  shows "a ♯ Some x ⟷ a ♯ x"
  by (simp add: fresh_def supp_Some)

instance option :: (fs) fs
apply standard
apply (induct_tac x)
apply (simp_all add: supp_None supp_Some finite_supp)
done


subsubsection ‹Type @{typ "'a list"} is finitely supported›

lemma supp_Nil:
  shows "supp [] = {}"
  by (simp add: supp_def)

lemma fresh_Nil:
  shows "a ♯ []"
  by (simp add: fresh_def supp_Nil)

lemma supp_Cons:
  shows "supp (x # xs) = supp x ∪ supp xs"
by (simp add: supp_def Collect_imp_eq Collect_neg_eq)

lemma fresh_Cons:
  shows "a ♯ (x # xs) ⟷ a ♯ x ∧ a ♯ xs"
  by (simp add: fresh_def supp_Cons)

lemma supp_append:
  shows "supp (xs @ ys) = supp xs ∪ supp ys"
  by (induct xs) (auto simp: supp_Nil supp_Cons)

lemma fresh_append:
  shows "a ♯ (xs @ ys) ⟷ a ♯ xs ∧ a ♯ ys"
  by (induct xs) (simp_all add: fresh_Nil fresh_Cons)

lemma supp_rev:
  shows "supp (rev xs) = supp xs"
  by (induct xs) (auto simp: supp_append supp_Cons supp_Nil)

lemma fresh_rev:
  shows "a ♯ rev xs ⟷ a ♯ xs"
  by (induct xs) (auto simp: fresh_append fresh_Cons fresh_Nil)

lemma supp_removeAll:
  fixes x::"atom"
  shows "supp (removeAll x xs) = supp xs - {x}"
  by (induct xs)
     (auto simp: supp_Nil supp_Cons supp_atom)

lemma supp_of_atom_list:
  fixes as::"atom list"
  shows "supp as = set as"
by (induct as)
   (simp_all add: supp_Nil supp_Cons supp_atom)

instance list :: (fs) fs
apply standard
apply (induct_tac x)
apply (simp_all add: supp_Nil supp_Cons finite_supp)
done


section ‹Support and Freshness for Applications›

lemma fresh_conv_MOST:
  shows "a ♯ x ⟷ (MOST b. (a ⇌ b) ∙ x = x)"
  unfolding fresh_def supp_def
  unfolding MOST_iff_cofinite by simp

lemma fresh_fun_app:
  assumes "a ♯ f" and "a ♯ x"
  shows "a ♯ f x"
  using assms
  unfolding fresh_conv_MOST
  unfolding permute_fun_app_eq
  by (elim MOST_rev_mp) (simp)

lemma supp_fun_app:
  shows "supp (f x) ⊆ (supp f) ∪ (supp x)"
  using fresh_fun_app
  unfolding fresh_def
  by auto


subsection ‹Equivariance Predicate ‹eqvt› and ‹eqvt_at››

definition
  "eqvt f ≡ ∀p. p ∙ f = f"

lemma eqvt_boolI:
  fixes f::"bool"
  shows "eqvt f"
unfolding eqvt_def by (simp add: permute_bool_def)


text ‹equivariance of a function at a given argument›

definition
 "eqvt_at f x ≡ ∀p. p ∙ (f x) = f (p ∙ x)"

lemma eqvtI:
  shows "(⋀p. p ∙ f ≡ f) ⟹ eqvt f"
unfolding eqvt_def
by simp

lemma eqvt_at_perm:
  assumes "eqvt_at f x"
  shows "eqvt_at f (q ∙ x)"
proof -
  { fix p::"perm"
    have "p ∙ (f (q ∙ x)) = p ∙ q ∙ (f x)"
      using assms by (simp add: eqvt_at_def)
    also have "… = (p + q) ∙ (f x)" by simp
    also have "… = f ((p + q) ∙ x)"
      using assms by (simp only: eqvt_at_def)
    finally have "p ∙ (f (q ∙ x)) = f (p ∙ q ∙ x)" by simp }
  then show "eqvt_at f (q ∙ x)" unfolding eqvt_at_def
    by simp
qed

lemma supp_fun_eqvt:
  assumes a: "eqvt f"
  shows "supp f = {}"
  using a
  unfolding eqvt_def
  unfolding supp_def
  by simp

lemma fresh_fun_eqvt:
  assumes a: "eqvt f"
  shows "a ♯ f"
  using a
  unfolding fresh_def
  by (simp add: supp_fun_eqvt)

lemma fresh_fun_eqvt_app:
  assumes a: "eqvt f"
  shows "a ♯ x ⟹ a ♯ f x"
proof -
  from a have "supp f = {}" by (simp add: supp_fun_eqvt)
  then show "a ♯ x ⟹ a ♯ f x"
    unfolding fresh_def
    using supp_fun_app by auto
qed

lemma supp_fun_app_eqvt:
  assumes a: "eqvt f"
  shows "supp (f x) ⊆ supp x"
  using fresh_fun_eqvt_app[OF a]
  unfolding fresh_def
  by auto

lemma supp_eqvt_at:
  assumes asm: "eqvt_at f x"
  and     fin: "finite (supp x)"
  shows "supp (f x) ⊆ supp x"
apply(rule supp_is_subset)
unfolding supports_def
unfolding fresh_def[symmetric]
using asm
apply(simp add: eqvt_at_def)
apply(simp add: swap_fresh_fresh)
apply(rule fin)
done

lemma finite_supp_eqvt_at:
  assumes asm: "eqvt_at f x"
  and     fin: "finite (supp x)"
  shows "finite (supp (f x))"
apply(rule finite_subset)
apply(rule supp_eqvt_at[OF asm fin])
apply(rule fin)
done

lemma fresh_eqvt_at:
  assumes asm: "eqvt_at f x"
  and     fin: "finite (supp x)"
  and     fresh: "a ♯ x"
  shows "a ♯ f x"
using fresh
unfolding fresh_def
using supp_eqvt_at[OF asm fin]
by auto

text ‹for handling of freshness of functions›

simproc_setup fresh_fun_simproc ("a ♯ (f::'a::pt ⇒'b::pt)") = ‹fn _ => fn ctxt => fn ctrm =>
  let
    val _ $ _ $ f = Thm.term_of ctrm
  in
    case (Term.add_frees f [], Term.add_vars f []) of
      ([], []) => SOME(@{thm fresh_fun_eqvt[simplified eqvt_def, THEN Eq_TrueI]})
    | (x::_, []) =>
      let
        val argx = Free x
        val absf = absfree x f
        val cty_inst =
          [SOME (Thm.ctyp_of ctxt (fastype_of argx)), SOME (Thm.ctyp_of ctxt (fastype_of f))]
        val ctrm_inst = [NONE, SOME (Thm.cterm_of ctxt absf), SOME (Thm.cterm_of ctxt argx)]
        val thm = Thm.instantiate' cty_inst ctrm_inst @{thm fresh_fun_app}
      in
        SOME(thm RS @{thm Eq_TrueI})
      end
    | (_, _) => NONE
  end
›

subsection ‹helper functions for ‹nominal_functions››

lemma THE_defaultI2:
  assumes "∃!x. P x" "⋀x. P x ⟹ Q x"
  shows "Q (THE_default d P)"
by (iprover intro: assms THE_defaultI')

lemma the_default_eqvt:
  assumes unique: "∃!x. P x"
  shows "(p ∙ (THE_default d P)) = (THE_default (p ∙ d) (p ∙ P))"
  apply(rule THE_default1_equality [symmetric])
  apply(rule_tac p="-p" in permute_boolE)
  apply(simp add: ex1_eqvt)
  apply(rule unique)
  apply(rule_tac p="-p" in permute_boolE)
  apply(rule subst[OF permute_fun_app_eq])
  apply(simp)
  apply(rule THE_defaultI'[OF unique])
  done

lemma fundef_ex1_eqvt:
  fixes x::"'a::pt"
  assumes f_def: "f == (λx::'a. THE_default (d x) (G x))"
  assumes eqvt: "eqvt G"
  assumes ex1: "∃!y. G x y"
  shows "(p ∙ (f x)) = f (p ∙ x)"
  apply(simp only: f_def)
  apply(subst the_default_eqvt)
  apply(rule ex1)
  apply(rule THE_default1_equality [symmetric])
  apply(rule_tac p="-p" in permute_boolE)
  apply(perm_simp add: permute_minus_cancel)
  using eqvt[simplified eqvt_def]
  apply(simp)
  apply(rule ex1)
  apply(rule THE_defaultI2)
  apply(rule_tac p="-p" in permute_boolE)
  apply(perm_simp add: permute_minus_cancel)
  apply(rule ex1)
  apply(perm_simp)
  using eqvt[simplified eqvt_def]
  apply(simp)
  done

lemma fundef_ex1_eqvt_at:
  fixes x::"'a::pt"
  assumes f_def: "f == (λx::'a. THE_default (d x) (G x))"
  assumes eqvt: "eqvt G"
  assumes ex1: "∃!y. G x y"
  shows "eqvt_at f x"
  unfolding eqvt_at_def
  using assms
  by (auto intro: fundef_ex1_eqvt)

lemma fundef_ex1_prop:
  fixes x::"'a::pt"
  assumes f_def: "f == (λx::'a. THE_default (d x) (G x))"
  assumes P_all: "⋀x y. G x y ⟹ P x y"
  assumes ex1: "∃!y. G x y"
  shows "P x (f x)"
  unfolding f_def
  using ex1
  apply(erule_tac ex1E)
  apply(rule THE_defaultI2)
  apply(blast)
  apply(rule P_all)
  apply(assumption)
  done


section ‹Support of Finite Sets of Finitely Supported Elements›

text ‹support and freshness for atom sets›

lemma supp_finite_atom_set:
  fixes S::"atom set"
  assumes "finite S"
  shows "supp S = S"
  apply(rule finite_supp_unique)
  apply(simp add: supports_def)
  apply(simp add: swap_set_not_in)
  apply(rule assms)
  apply(simp add: swap_set_in)
done

lemma supp_cofinite_atom_set:
  fixes S::"atom set"
  assumes "finite (UNIV - S)"
  shows "supp S = (UNIV - S)"
  apply(rule finite_supp_unique)
  apply(simp add: supports_def)
  apply(simp add: swap_set_both_in)
  apply(rule assms)
  apply(subst swap_commute)
  apply(simp add: swap_set_in)
done

lemma fresh_finite_atom_set:
  fixes S::"atom set"
  assumes "finite S"
  shows "a ♯ S ⟷ a ∉ S"
  unfolding fresh_def
  by (simp add: supp_finite_atom_set[OF assms])

lemma fresh_minus_atom_set:
  fixes S::"atom set"
  assumes "finite S"
  shows "a ♯ S - T ⟷ (a ∉ T ⟶ a ♯ S)"
  unfolding fresh_def
  by (auto simp: supp_finite_atom_set assms)

lemma Union_supports_set:
  shows "(⋃x ∈ S. supp x) supports S"
proof -
  { fix a b
    have "∀x ∈ S. (a ⇌ b) ∙ x = x ⟹ (a ⇌ b) ∙ S = S"
      unfolding permute_set_def by force
  }
  then show "(⋃x ∈ S. supp x) supports S"
    unfolding supports_def
    by (simp add: fresh_def[symmetric] swap_fresh_fresh)
qed

lemma Union_of_finite_supp_sets:
  fixes S::"('a::fs set)"
  assumes fin: "finite S"
  shows "finite (⋃x∈S. supp x)"
  using fin by (induct) (auto simp: finite_supp)

lemma Union_included_in_supp:
  fixes S::"('a::fs set)"
  assumes fin: "finite S"
  shows "(⋃x∈S. supp x) ⊆ supp S"
proof -
  have eqvt: "eqvt (λS. ⋃x ∈ S. supp x)"
    unfolding eqvt_def by simp
  have "(⋃x∈S. supp x) = supp (⋃x∈S. supp x)"
    by (rule supp_finite_atom_set[symmetric]) (rule Union_of_finite_supp_sets[OF fin])
  also have "… ⊆ supp S" using eqvt
    by (rule supp_fun_app_eqvt)
  finally show "(⋃x∈S. supp x) ⊆ supp S" .
qed

lemma supp_of_finite_sets:
  fixes S::"('a::fs set)"
  assumes fin: "finite S"
  shows "(supp S) = (⋃x∈S. supp x)"
apply(rule subset_antisym)
apply(rule supp_is_subset)
apply(rule Union_supports_set)
apply(rule Union_of_finite_supp_sets[OF fin])
apply(rule Union_included_in_supp[OF fin])
done

lemma finite_sets_supp:
  fixes S::"('a::fs set)"
  assumes "finite S"
  shows "finite (supp S)"
using assms
by (simp only: supp_of_finite_sets Union_of_finite_supp_sets)

lemma supp_of_finite_union:
  fixes S T::"('a::fs) set"
  assumes fin1: "finite S"
  and     fin2: "finite T"
  shows "supp (S ∪ T) = supp S ∪ supp T"
  using fin1 fin2
  by (simp add: supp_of_finite_sets)

lemma fresh_finite_union:
  fixes S T::"('a::fs) set"
  assumes fin1: "finite S"
  and     fin2: "finite T"
  shows "a ♯ (S ∪ T) ⟷ a ♯ S